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January 11th, 2010Cancer
Breast blight blazon is categorized by whether it begins in the ducts or lobules, the organs amenable for breast milk production. Medullar blight accounts for 15% of all breast blight types. This breast blight blazon represents 5% of all diagnosis. IPR015525 Breast blight blazon 2 susceptibility protein Header EBIDatabasesInterPro Search Open in user manual InterPro: ” /> Jump to: InterProScan Databases Documentation FTP armpit Advice Click on the figure for ambience acute advice from the user manual. The breast blight blazon 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a breast tumor suppressor with an abeyant action in the cellular acknowledgment to DNA damage. Some breast blight types authentic one or added of these proteins on their corpuscle surface, while others authentic none. Media Relations Contacts Online Press Kit Rumors, Myths, and Truths Glossary About the American Blight Society Breastfeeding, Added Factors May Affect Accident of Breast Blight TypeAtlanta 2008/08/25 -Factors such as age at menopause as able-bodied as a woman’s breastfeeding practices can access her accident of developing assertive types of breast cancer.The boards begin that changeable accident factors assorted appreciably by breast blight subtype. Their assay included 1,023 women with breast blight whose beef authentic the estrogen and progesterone receptors (called luminal cancers), 39 women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, and 78 triple-negative cases (no announcement of estrogen, progesterone, or HER2 receptors). The abstraction additionally included 1,476 women after breast cancer. ? They added that added studies on the causes of breast blight subtypes are bare to bigger accept the analysis of the disease. Learn added about our charge to accouterment complete, accurate, and clandestine breast blight information. The study’s after-effects advance that there are audible and abstracted hormonal accident factors associated with altered subtypes of breast cancer. Women with what is referred to as “triple-negative” breast blight are added acceptable than added women with breast blight to acquaintance a relapse, a new abstraction by Canadian advisers shows. Despite accepting an aerial accident of aboriginal recurrence, the abstraction indicates that triple-negative breast blight patients who abide advantageous for eight years are absurd to die of breast blight and may be “cured” of their disease.
Breast Feeding Will Lowers Accident of Breast Cancer
Breastfeeding for 6 months or best was associated with a lower accident of luminal blight as able-bodied as triple-negative cancer, a blazon that can be decidedly advancing and difficult to treat. Understanding the specific blazon of breast blight can advice you ask bigger questions and assignment with your physicians to get the best breast blight treatments. For added advice on the types and stages of breast cancer, watch Beyond the Shock®. Medullar blight accounts for 15% of all breast blight types. Infiltrating lobular blight is a blazon of breast blight that usually appears as an attenuate agglomeration in the upper-outer division of the breast. Making up about 2% of all breast blight diagnosis, tubular blight beef accept a characteristic tubular anatomy back beheld beneath a microscope. Typically this blazon of breast blight is beginning in women age-old 50 and above. Inflammatory breast blight is an attenuate and actual advancing blazon of breast blight that causes the lymph argosy in the bark of the breast to become blocked.
Breast Blight Risk
The study’s after-effects advance that there are audible and abstracted hormonal accident factors associated with altered subtypes of breast cancer. Amanda Phipps, a predoctoral analysis accessory at the Fred Hutchinson Blight Analysis Center in Seattle, and her colleagues conducted an abstraction to bigger accept the specific accident factors for the subtypes of breast cancer, which are classified by announcement of the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the HER2 receptor. The board begins that changeable accident factors assorted appreciably by breast blight subtype. Breastfeeding for 6 months or best was associated with a lower accident of luminal blight as able-bodied as triple-negative cancer, a blazon that can be decidedly advancing and difficult to treat. Both backward age at menopause and use of estrogen added progestin hormone analysis were associated with an added accident of luminal disease. Finally, no differences in risks associated with cardinal of accouchement or the age back a woman aboriginal gave bearing were empiric by subtype. The abstraction authors assured that their after-effects announce that “certain changeable factors may accept greater papules on accident of assertive atomic subtypes of ache compared to others. Despite accepting an aerial accident of aboriginal recurrence, the abstraction indicates that triple-negative breast blight patients who abide advantageous for eight years are absurd to die of breast blight and may be “cured” of their disease. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and changes in the signaling of advance hormones and steroid hormones associated with diabetes may affect the accident of breast cancer. Despite abounding proposed abeyant pathways, the mechanisms basal an affiliation amid diabetes and breast blight accident abide unclear, decidedly because the 2 diseases allotment several accident factors, including obesity, a desk lifestyle, and possibly assimilation of saturated fat and aesthetic carbohydrates, that may abash this association. Although the metabolic affection is carefully accompanying to diabetes and embraces added apparatus that ability access breast blight risk, the role of the metabolic affection in breast carcinogenesis has not been advised and appropriately charcoal unknown.
Tags: blight -
November 16th, 2009Cancer
by : XTRA INFOBreast cancer type is categorized by whether it begins in the ducts or lobules, the organs responsible for breast milk production. Medullary carcinoma accounts for 15% of all breast cancer types. This breast cancer type represents 5% of all diagnosis. IPR015525 Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein Header EBIDatabasesInterPro Search Open in usermanual InterPro: ” /> Jump to: InterProScan Databases Documentation FTP site Help Click on the icon for context sensitive help from the user manual. The breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a breast tumour suppressor with a potential function in the cellular response to DNA damage. Some breast cancer types express one or more of these proteins on their cell surface, while others express none. Media Relations Contacts Online Press Kit Rumors, Myths, and Truths Glossary About the American Cancer Society Breastfeeding, Other Factors May Affect Risk of Breast Cancer TypeAtlanta 2008/08/25 -Factors such as age at menopause as well as a woman?s breastfeeding practices can influence her risk of developing certain types of breast cancer.
The investigators found that reproductive risk factors varied considerably by breast cancer subtype. Their analysis included 1,023 women with breast cancer whose cells express the estrogen and progesterone receptors (called luminal cancers), 39 women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, and 78 triple-negative cases (no expression of estrogen, progesterone, or HER2 receptors). The study also included 1,476 women without breast cancer. ? They added that additional studies on the causes of breast cancer subtypes are needed to better understand the biology of the disease. Learn more about our commitment to providing complete, accurate, and private breast cancer information. The study?s results suggest that there are distinct and separate hormonal risk factors associated with different subtypes of breast cancer. Women with what is referred to as “triple-negative” breast cancer are more likely than other women with breast cancer to experience a relapse, a new study by Canadian researchers shows. Despite having a high risk of early recurrence, the study indicates that triple-negative breast cancer patients who remain disease-free for eight years are unlikely to die of breast cancer and may be “cured” of their disease.
Breast Feeding Will Lowers Risk Of Breast Cancer
Breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was associated with a lower risk of luminal cancer as well as triple-negative cancer, a type that can be particularly aggressive and difficult to treat. Understanding the specific type of breast cancer can help you ask better questions and work with your physicians to get the best breast cancer treatments. For more information on the types and stages of breast cancer, watch Beyond the Shock®. Medullary carcinoma accounts for 15% of all breast cancer types. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that usually appears as a subtle thickening in the upper-outer quadrant of the breast. Making up about 2% of all breast cancer diagnosis, tubular carcinoma cells have a distinctive tubular structure when viewed under a microscope. Typically this type of breast cancer is found in women aged 50 and above. Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and very aggressive type of breast cancer that causes the lymph vessels in the skin of the breast to become blocked.
Breast Cancer Risk
The study’s results suggest that there are distinct and separate hormonal risk factors associated with different subtypes of breast cancer. Amanda Phipps, a predoctoral research associate at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, and her colleagues conducted a study to better understand the specific risk factors for the subtypes of breast cancer, which are classified by expression of the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the HER2 receptor. The investigators found that reproductive risk factors varied considerably by breast cancer subtype. Breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was associated with a lower risk of luminal cancer as well as triple-negative cancer, a type that can be particularly aggressive and difficult to treat. Both late age at menopause and use of estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy were associated with an increased risk of luminal disease. Finally, no differences in risks associated with number of children or the age when a woman first gave birth were observed by subtype. The study authors concluded that their results indicate that “certain reproductive factors may have a greater impact on risk of certain molecular subtypes of disease compared to others. Despite having a high risk of early recurrence, the study indicates that triple-negative breast cancer patients who remain disease-free for eight years are unlikely to die of breast cancer and may be “cured” of their disease. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and changes in the signaling of growth hormones and steroid hormones associated with diabetes may affect the risk of breast cancer. Despite many proposed potential pathways, the mechanisms underlying an association between diabetes and breast cancer risk remain unclear, particularly because the 2 diseases share several risk factors, including obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and possibly intake of saturated fat and refined carbohydrates, that may confound this association. Although the metabolic syndrome is closely related to diabetes and embraces additional components that might influence breast cancer risk, the role of the metabolic syndrome in breast carcinogenesis has not been studied and thus remains unknown.
For more info related to this subject and others please visit Breast Cancer Info
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September 2nd, 2009Cancer
by : Mai BrooksTags: Cancer, womenBreast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women. In 2009, approximately 194,280 patients are estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and 62,280 with carcinoma in situ. An estimated 40,610 will die of this disease. For a woman of average risk, the lifetime incidence of breast cancer is one in eight.
Serum tumor markers for breast cancer used in the clinic include CA 15-3, CEA (carcinoembyonic antigen), and CA 27-29. All have low sensitivity and specificity, and thus not helpful in detecting early breast cancer. CA 15-3 levels are increased in approximately 5-30% of patients with stage 1 disease, 15-50% with stage 2, 60-70% with stage 3, and 65-90% with stage 4. CA 15-3 measurements are also elevated in 15-20% of women with benign breast conditions, 50-60% with liver disease, 20-70% pulmonary malignancies, 15-60% of gastrointestinal/colonic malignancies, and 40-60% of ovarian cancer cases. CEA is more prevalent in colorectal cancer, whereas CA 27-29 is more specific for breast cancer. These three tumor markers have, however, been validated for monitoring treatment in patients with advanced disease, particularly if the cancer cannot be evaluated with conventional imaging. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends the use of CEA, CA 15-3 and CA 27-29 only in metastatic settings, whereas the European Group on Tumor Markers recommends their use in disease surveillance in general.
With the current technology, circulating tumor cells have been found in very few cases of early stage breast cancer. Circulating tumor cells detected in both localized and metastatic breast cancer patients have been associated with worse outcome. Circulating tumor cells may also predict response to therapy.
There is much ongoing research to investigate new biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. Blood-based markers include cells, DNA, RNA, peptides, sugars, and autoantibodies. Breast-based markers such as nipple/ductal fluid and breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) also include cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, sugars, and autoantibodies.
In the future, it is likely that a combination approach to measure simultaneously multiple markers would be most successful in detecting
early breast cancer. Ideally, such a biomarker panel should be able to detect breast cancer in asymptomatic patients, and improve the accuracy of screening mammograms. A reliable biomarker signature may also signify new breast cancer, even in the setting of normal mammogram and physical examination, and would indicate further more intensive diagnostic workup and/or preventive treatment. -
August 12th, 2009Cancer
by : Danielle SummersThe best way to deal with breast cancer, both before being diagnosed and after, is to be completely knowledgeable about it. Educating yourself about its symptoms, signs and causes can help you detect it early and also avoid it. With every one woman in eight being at the risk of getting breast cancer, it is the best thing we can do for ourselves.
To understand breast cancer, it is important that you understand its signs and symptoms so you can detect it at an early stage and prevent any further harm.
Signs & Symptoms
The first subjective sign or first symptom of breast cancer is a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. As per the Merck Manual, more than almost 80 percent of breast cancer cases are detected by a women when she feels a lump through a breast self examination. The American Cancer Society states that the first medical sign of breast cancer is detected by the physician when he discovers it through a mammogram. Another indication of breast cancer is the detection of lumps in the lymph nodes located in the armpits, as the first area it starts spreading to is the lymph nodes there.
There are other signs or symptoms as well, like:
- Change in the size of the breast,
- Change of the shape,
- The skin of the breast starts dimpling,
- There is nipple inversion,
- Spontaneous single nipple discharge,
- Pain in the breast (mastodynia) is not a reliable symptom, but can also be indicative of other breast problems.
When breast cancer cells spread to the dermal lymphatics, that is, the small lymph vessels present in the skin of the breast, it can resemble skin inflammation and thus is known as Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC). The symptoms of this kind of breast cancer include pain, warmth, swelling, redness throughout the breast and an orange peel texture to the skin, which is referred to as peau d’orange.
Paget’s disease of the Breast
Another complex symptom of breast cancer is the Paget’s disease of the breast. In this syndrome the skin presents changes as eczematoid skin changes. It shows redness and mild flaking of the skin of the nipple. It is said that as Paget’s advances, the symptoms may change to redness, itching, tingling, burning, increased sensitivity and pain. Around half of the women diagnosed with Paget’s syndrome have also had a lump in the breast.
Metastatic Breast Cancer
Sometimes breast cancer presents itself as metastatic disease, which means the cancer that has spread from its original organ, the breast. The symptoms of metastatic breast cancer depend upon the location of the metastasis. Common sites where metastasis occurs is the bone, lung, liver and the brain. Unexplained weight loss can be a sign of an occurrence of breast cancer, as can fever and chills. Pain in the joints can be manifestations of metastatic breast cancer. Jaundice and neurological symptoms, too, could point towards this. These symptoms are non-specific; that means they could be the symptoms of any other illness.
Many times the symptoms of a breast disorder do not turn out to represent breast cancer. There are benign breast diseases, like mastitis and fibrodenoma, which can be the causes of the symptoms, though any symptom should be considered seriously at all times by both patients and doctors.
Being diagnosed with breast cancer can be an unsettling experience. Useful resources to deal with this time are books. You could consider Secrets of Cancer Survivors by Elizabeth Gould. For more information, please click here: http://www.secretsofcancersurvivors.com
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July 23rd, 2009Cancer
by : Jenny SchweyerNavigating the world of mastectomy bras and prostheses can be daunting for breast cancer survivors. Breast surgery is a difficult transition to negotiate in and of itself. Trying to shop for a mastectomy bra and mastectomy prosthesis afterward shouldn’t and needn’t add any further angst.
Fortunately, today’s mastectomy bras come in all of the same styles and many of the same colors as regular bras. This makes it relatively simple to find one that is comparable to a style that one may already be used to wearing. In fact, modern designs include the regular shoulder-strap style as well as cross back and athletic mastectomy bras and even strapless for formal wear.
A client should start by getting fitted with a mastectomy prosthesis as soon as healing is complete after surgery. These are sometimes referred to as “breast forms,” and are typically made of silicone gel inside a soft, flexible plastic shell. They come in a vast array of cup sizes, colors and shapes in order to match as closely as possible the existing breast (in the case of single mastectomy patients.) A mastectomy prosthesis may or may not be fashioned with a nipple, depending on a particular client’s preference.
Clients who prefer may also have a custom prosthesis formed. This can help produce a breast form that more closely resembles the remaining breast in the case of a single mastectomy surgery. Customized forms are considerably more expensive, but may be important in making a client feel better about the way she looks.
Mastectomy bras are designed with pockets inside the cups. The mastectomy prosthesis slips snugly inside the pocket. For this reason, it’s important to choose a bra that fits correctly. A properly-fitted mastectomy bra will ensure that the breast form rests firmly against the chest and doesn’t slip from side to side, up or down.
Choosing the right fit differs depending on whether one or both breasts have been removed. Single mastectomy patients should choose a breast form in the same cup size as the existing breast. The right prosthesis will fit closely to the chest without any gaps or air pockets. It may require trying several different shapes to find the best fit.
Double mastectomy patients can choose any cup size when it comes to breast forms. Most patients feel most comfortable choosing prostheses that are the same as her former cup size. However, it is possible to choose a smaller or larger cup size if preferred. It’s usually recommended in this case not to go more than one cup size larger or smaller. It’s also recommended to choose a shape that is most similar to her own breasts and that conforms to her body shape/type. This will help to make a more natural transition.
Once a client has found the right prosthesis, she should use them to help fit the new mastectomy bra. They are fitted the same way as regular bra is fitted. First, a tape measure should be wrapped around the chest where the lower fold of the breast or breast form meets the chest. The total circumference will determine the band size of the mastectomy bra.
Next, the tape measure should be wrapped around the chest over top of the breasts/breast form(s). It should rest against the nipple or the highest peak of the breast snugly but not tightly. The first measurement (chest circumference) should then be subtracted from the second measurement (chest plus breast circumference.) The difference determines the proper cup size.
Mastectomy bra manufacturers may use different cup sizing charts from one another. Even different styles of bras made by the same manufacturer may have different sizing charts. It’s important to compare this cup size measurement (chest/breast circumference minus chest circumference) to the manufacturer’s sizing chart to determine the correct cup size for a particular style of bra.
A proper-fitting mastectomy bra will rest firmly against body but will not cut into the skin. It should not leave marks or indentations in the skin after removal. It will hold the mastectomy prosthesis firmly in place. In the case of a single mastectomy, it will appear undetectable from the remaining natural breast. Whether a client has had one or both breasts removed, the mastectomy bra should feel comfortable, and most of all, should look good and make her feel proud to be a breast cancer survivor.
Tags: Cancer -
May 4th, 2009Cancer
by : Tara Mace
Over 1,000,000 skin cancer cases are diagnosed every year. Before I delve more into the topic, I would like to show you some figures (source: cdc.gov website):
1] 30,544 men and 23,248 women were diagnosed with melanoma in 2005 in the United States
2] In 2005, 5,283 men and 3,062 women died of skin cancer in the United States alone
Figures are frightening, aren’t they? However, there is a word of relief too. Research has proved that people can avoid skin cancer by taking adequate protection from UV ray.
Few facts about Skin Cancer:
1] Symptoms of skin cancer may not be visible immediately after the victim gets exposed to excessive sunlight and ultraviolet rays; it may take years for the symptoms to become prominent. Hence, even if there is no visible sign of skin cancer on your body, you may have been victimised already. Take all the precautions; negligence can be detrimental to your health.
2] Children are more vulnerable because they get engaged in more outdoor activities than adults. It has been reported that more than 50% of total sunlight exposure of an adult takes place in childhood. Hence, take due care of your children. Consult a dermatologist to know about skin cancer prevention; prevention is always better than cure.
However, it does not mean that adults do not need protection. All individuals must follow whatever is needed to protect themselves from this deadly disease.
3] There are two types of Ultraviolet rays UVA and UVB. Recent study shows that both can cause skin cancer. Hence, it is suggested to take adequate protection to prevent both types of UV rays.
4] UV ray is not the only cause of skin cancer. Some people may inherit the disease from their parents and ancestors. Such cancers take place when children inherit abnormal genes from parents and as a result of which skin cells start growing abnormally – in a malignant order.
5] Three types of skin cancer are there: Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma. Skin cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer you are suffering from.
How to protect yourself from UV rays:
Avoid sunlight from 10 am through 4 pm as much as possible – this is the time period when sunlight remains strongest in summer. If you avoid sunlight you are safe. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to avoid UV 100%. You may need to go out in the sun in summer; in such cases, wear something protective that helps you pass up UV rays.
Use sunscreens to protect your skin from sun burn and blisters. UV rays not only cause cancer, but it may damage your skin irreversibly and can make your skin look older than your actual age. Sunscreens with UV protection can help you avoid sunburn and skin cancer as well.
You can also consult dermatologists to know how to protect your family and yourself from skin cancer; they may prescribe something suitable for the climate you live in.
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April 21st, 2009Cancer
by : koay lye chin
Tags: blood, Cancer, lung cancerIn year 2007, United States was already approved Avastin as a first line lung cancer treatment for patients with advance non small cell lung cancer in combination with platinum based echemotherapy.
Avastin is indicated for the first-line treatment of unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non–squamous non–small cell lung cancer in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
Based on the drug maker Roche said that avastin is the only first-line treatment to demonstrate improved survival benefits beyond one year in patients with advanced lung cancer and is the first treatment that inhibits angiogenesis, which is the growth of a network of blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to cancerous tissues.
Avastin targets a naturally occurring protein called VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), a key mediator of angiogenesis, thus choking off the blood supply that is essential for the growth of the tumor and its spread throughout the body.
According to Land Mark US study, avastin is the first medicine proven to help previously untreated patients suffering from the most common form of lung cancer to live longer than a year. There result showed that the duration of survival lung cancer patients who took in the Avastin with carboplatin chemotherapy group was 12.3 months compared to 10.3 months in the group treated with chemotherapy alone. Which extended lung cancer patients with 2 more months.
Avastin is the first and only anti-angiogenic agent to have demonstrated improved overall and/or progression-free survival in four major tumour types, namely: colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma.
In year 2006, American Society of Clinical Oncology announced that avastin combination with erlotinib was delivered with promising preliminary results in the treatment of refractory non-small cell lung cancer in data. Based on the study, the 17.9% response rate with the avastin-erlotinib combination was better than the 12.5% rate seen in patients treated with avastin and chemotherapy and the 12.2% rate seen in those treated with chemotherapy alone.
Avastin inhibits the growth of blood vessels, which is part of the body’s normal healing and maintenance. The body grows new blood vessels in wound healing, and as collateral circulation around blocked or atherosclerotic blood vessels. One concern is that avastin will interfere with these normal processes, and worsen conditions like coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease.
The main side effects are hypertension and heightened risk of bleeding. Bowel perforation has been reported. In advanced lung cancer, less than half of patients qualify for treatment. Brain capillary leak syndrome, nasal septum perforation, and renal thrombotic microangiopathy have been reported.
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